In Study 1, American adults responded to an open-ended questionnaire probing various dimensions of their perceptions of transgender individuals and identity. Qualitative thematic analysis generated items based on their responses. In Study 2, American adults completed a questionnaire consisting of the generated items. In Study 3, undergraduate students completed a survey containing the ATTMW and a number of validity-testing variables. Together, our results demonstrate that the ATTMW is a reliable and valid measure of attitudes toward transgender individuals.
Societal attitudes toward homosexuality
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Health Care Providers' Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Lesbian Women and Gay Men
You can browse the entire list, or you can search for measures focusing on particular topics, such as for example internalized homophobia or identity development. For each measure, we have included as much information as we were able to obtain, including its general intent, length, original citation, detailed psychometric information, contact information for the author, etc. When possible, we have included the scale itself. We certainly hope that you will find this useful, and we also encourage you to send copies of any findings using the scales to the authors themselves, many of whom would like to continue to collect information on such matters to keep their psychometric information up to date.
Implicit and explicit attitudes towards lesbians and gay men
Western homophobia and homohysteria peaked in the s with the spread of AIDS. The disease brought greater public awareness that homosexuals existed in every social institution, and the infectious nature of the disease further stigmatized homosexual men. It also ended, particularly in Western cultures , the presumption of heterosexuality. As Christian-based fundamentalism grew stronger in the United States during this period, men there were particularly resolute to align their behaviours and identity with heterosexuality; feminine expressions among men were thus edged toward extinction.
This study examines responses to questions asked on public opinion surveys that measured acceptance of gay men and lesbians and attitudes toward LGBT rights. The analysis is based on responses to 2, questions that appeared in hundreds of surveys around the world. Available evidence indicates that the position of gays and lesbians in societies and the legal status of homosexuality have undergone notable changes in recent decades. In some countries, attitudes have become much more supportive of gay and lesbians rights and more accepting of homosexual behavior. These have expanded into mass annual events that attract over a million attendees in a number of countries Encarnacion ; Johnston ,
